Sterilize, disinfect and sanitize, what is difference ?
Sterilize, disinfect and sanitize are three terms that are related to the process of killing or inactivating microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, that can cause diseases or infections. However, they have different meanings and implications, depending on the situation and the application. Here is a brief explanation of the difference among them:
Sterilize means to destroy or eliminate all forms of microbial life, including those that are not harmful. Sterilization is usually done by physical or chemical methods, such as heat, pressure, radiation, or gas. Sterilization is the most advanced and rigorous form of decontamination, but it is also the most difficult and expensive. Sterilization is typically used in medical facilities, where it is essential to prevent the transmission of infections from instruments, equipment, or materials.
Disinfect means to kill or inactivate most microorganisms, except some bacterial spores, which are more resistant. Disinfection is usually done by chemical agents, such as chlorine, alcohol, or ammonia. Disinfection is less advanced and rigorous than sterilization, but it is also more accessible and affordable. Disinfection is commonly used in homes, schools, and workplaces, where it is important to reduce the risk of spreading diseases from surfaces or objects.
Sanitize means to reduce the number of microorganisms to a safe level, according to public health standards or regulations. Sanitization is usually done by washing, cleaning, or removing dirt, dust, or debris. Sanitization is the least advanced and rigorous form of decontamination, but it is also the most basic and essential. Sanitization is widely used in everyday life, where it is necessary to maintain hygiene and cleanliness from food, water, or air.
In summary, sterilize, disinfect and sanitize are three different ways of killing or inactivating microorganisms, but they have different degrees of effectiveness, cost, and application. Depending on the specific needs and preferences of the user, one method may be more suitable than another. However, some studies suggest that combining different methods can enhance the overall decontamination results, by overcoming the limitations and complementing the strengths of each method.
